From DriloBASE Taxo

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:Within DriloBASE, species are classified into 13 ecological categories corresponding to their life history traits and ecological niches.
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Revision as of 12:27, 17 July 2015

Short glossary.png




Distribution status
Species can be widely distributed or have a restricted distribution. DriloBASE distinguishes 4 types of species present out of their native area, adaptated from definitions gave by Brown et al., 2006 (see below: cosmopolitan, peregrine, exotic and invasive). Conversely, species with restricted distribution are called endemic. Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. DriloBASE distinguishes 5 types of species endemism (see below: ecozonal, regional, local, strict and insular).
  • Peregrine: species that may be native to a country but have colonized areas outside their native range. A species can be peregrine but not exotic neither invasive.
  • Exotic: species found outside their native ranges, mainly transported and introduced by humans, and generally found in disturbed habitats.
  • Invasive: species introduced deliberately or unintentionally (usually transported by humans) outside their native habitats, that successfully establish themselves in, and then modify (possibly outcompeting native species, if present) otherwise intact native ecosystems.
  • Cosmopolitan: species with a large distribution (usually worlwide). DriloBASE uses this status for a given species when the distinction between peregrine, exotic and invasive is unknown.
  • Ecozonal endemic: species whose maximal range extends up to a biogeographic realm, as defined by Olson DM et al., 2001 (see figure 1).


Figure 1: biogeographic realms, as defined by Olson DM et al., 2001.


  • Regional endemic: species whose maximal range extends up to several locations (countries or territories) or sub-locations (administrative sub-divisions of Canada, United-States, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Russia, India, China or Australia), but on only a fraction of a biogeographic realm (as defined by Olson DM et al., 2001).
  • Local endemic: species whose maximal range extends up to a unique location (country or territory).
  • Strict endemic: species whose maximal range is confined to one or a few number of sites, corresponding to a fraction of location (country or territory).
  • Insular endemic: species whose maximal range is confined to one or a few number of islands.
Ecological categories
Within DriloBASE, species are classified into 13 ecological categories corresponding to their life history traits and ecological niches.
  • Epigeic:
  • Epiendogeic:
  • Anecic:
  • Endogeic (Polyhumic):
  • Endogeic (Mesohumic):
  • Endogeic (Oligohumic):
  • Saproxylic:
  • Corticolous:
  • Arboreal:
  • Hygrophilic:
  • Amphibious:
  • Aquatic:
  • Marine:
Emendum
Redefinition or additional precisions to the official description of a taxon (plural Emenda).
Incertae sedis
Latin for "of uncertain placement": term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined (see ITZN, 1999).
Lapsus calami
Latin for "lapse, slip, error", an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking (see ITZN, 1999).
Nomen dubium
Latin for "doubtful name" (plural nomina dubia) (see ITZN, 1999).
Principle of Priority
This is the principle that the correct formal scientific name for an animal taxon, the valid name, correct to use, is the oldest available name that applies to it. It is the most important principle - the fundamental guiding precept that preserves zoological nomenclature stability. It was first formulated in 1842 by a committee appointed by the British Association to consider the rules of zoological nomenclature (see ITZN, 1999).
Species inquirenda
Latin for "doubtful species" requiring further investigation (see ITZN, 1999).
Synonym
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. In taxonomy a synonym is not interchangeable with the name of which it is a synonym. Synonyms are not equals, but have a different status. For any taxon with a particular circumscription, position, and rank, only one scientific name is considered to be the correct one at any given time (this correct name is to be determined by applying the relevant code of nomenclature). A synonym is always the synonym of a different scientific name and cannot exist in isolation. Given that the correct name of a taxon depends on the taxonomic viewpoint used (resulting in a particular circumscription, position and rank): a name that is one taxonomist's synonym may be another taxonomist's correct name (and vice versa). Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise whenever existing taxa are changed, as when a species is moved to a different genus, or two genera are joined to become one, etc.
Taxon
A taxon (plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit: concretely, it corresponds to a given species, genus, family, etc. A taxon is usually known by a particular name and a given particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. If a taxon (here belonging to earthworms) is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping (see also ITZN, 1999).
Type genus
Genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name (see also Type species and ITZN, 1999).
Type species
Species to which the name of a genus or subgenus is permanently linked, the species that contains the biological type specimen(s) (latin: Species typica). Every named genus or subgenus, whether or not currently recognized as valid, should have a type species (see also Type genus and ITZN, 1999).